Marie-Thérèse d'Autriche (1717-1780), héritière des États des Habsbourg.png 2,558 × 3,974; 15.73 MB. This article has been rated as C-Class . Joseph signed an alliance giving her a free hand for her far-reaching plans and the conquest of Constantinople and the Dardanelles and assuring Austria of substantial territorial gains. Both publicly and secretly Catherine proposed a complete sharing of power in the east and southeast. Holy Roman Empire, 962–1806. JOSEPH II, HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR. Corrections? Chief Joseph was a Nez Perce chief who, faced with settlement by whites of tribal lands in Oregon, led his followers in a dramatic effort to escape to Canada. Charles II was the monarch of England, Scotland and Ireland during much of the latter half of the 17th century, marking the Restoration era. Maria Theresa's parents, Crown Prince Joseph (future Holy Roman Emperor) and Princess Isabella of Parma were married in Vienna on 16 October 1760. Joseph II, (born March 13, 1741, Vienna, Austria—died Feb. 20, 1790, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1765–90), at first coruler with his mother, Maria Theresa (1765–80), and then sole ruler (1780–90) of the Austrian Habsburg dominions. Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor (22) Antonio Salieri (21) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (4) Marie Antoinette (2) Christoph Willibald Gluck (2) Caterina Cavalieri (1) Ludwig van Beethoven (1) Hans Axel von Fersen (1) Marie Antoinette | Rider (1) Fujimaru Ritsuka (1) Include Relationships Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor/Antonio Salieri (23) After his mother’s death, Joseph had involved himself fruitlessly in 1784 in an attempt to force the Dutch to lift their blockade to secure a passage to the sea for the Austrian Netherlands. Maria Theresa was devastated. The Emperor hoped for more success with his unusual plan of exchanging the Austrian Netherlands for Bavaria. Find the perfect Joseph Ii Holy Roman Emperor stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. Subcategories. Author of. During his reign, Joseph put forth an average of 690 decrees a year. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Prior to his ascension, Joseph had surrounded himself with reform-hungry advisors and the young court of Vienna was ambitious in the elaboration of innovative plans. The 36,000 monks forced to leave their orders were given an annuity or money to return home; those so returning could continue as secular priests. First published in 1878. Scegli tra immagini premium su Joseph Ii Holy Roman Emperor … And with his Edict of Toleration, Joseph gave minority religions, such as Protestants, Greek Orthodox and Jews, the ability to live and worship more freely. Joseph II was the Holy Roman Emperor of the Austrian Habsburg dominion from 1765 to 1790. Their eldest son, Joseph, became Holy Roman Emperor. Ottonian dynasty (continued) Alexander the Great served as king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 B.C. Who was Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor? He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I. Frederick took what was later West Prussia, Austria took Galicia, and Catherine took as much border territory as she thought necessary. * During his time of leadership, he united Greece, reestablished the Corinthian League and conquered the Persian Empire. Joseph Goebbels served as minister of propaganda for the German Third Reich under Adolf Hitler — a position from which he spread the Nazi message. Select from premium Joseph Ii, Holy Roman Emperor of the highest quality. Yet, despite careful preparations, the organization of this large army was weak. His mother made some changes that Joseph supported, such as an expansion of elementary education in the 1770s. His poor handling of Bloody Sunday and Russia’s role in World War I led to his abdication and execution. It was a lonely death. Zusammenkunft im Lager bei Neisse am 25. Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor The Princes of the Holy Roman Empire Outcome Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire; succeeded chiefly by the Confederation of the Rhine and then the German Confederation The House of Habsburg-Lorraine continues to rule as Emperors of Austria and Kings of Hungary The German Question, … Previously, Leopold had been married to Infanta Margaret Theresa of Spain, who had given him four children, one of whom survived infancy. The power of the church was even more affected by the dissolution of more than 700 monasteries not engaged in such useful activities as teaching or hospital work. In a later treaty with Turkey, Joseph annexed Bukovina to his country. His mother, Maria Theresa, was the ruler of the Habsburg empire. Joseph’s passionate zeal to change everything and to force a new form of life on his subjects met with embittered resistance, chiefly in such strongly traditional countries as the Austrian Netherlands and Hungary. An “enlightened despot,” he sought to introduce administrative, legal, economic, and ecclesiastical reforms—with only measured success. Novelist and freelance writer. Joseph spent several months with his army; but both his illness and the domestic crisis made progress dangerous, and he had to return to Vienna before a victory could be won. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. A king was chosen by the German electors and would then proceed to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope. He was described as a "forward-looking ruler". Some measures intended to forestall a relapse into monasticism, such as the foundation of new parishes, bore good results. Jahrhunderts handelt. Finnish: Joosef, II, Hebrew: קיסר האימפריה הרומית יוזף השני, Kaiser des Heiligen … Hungarian nobles tried to reject Joseph's decrees on the grounds that he had not gone through an official coronation there. Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1741-1790) See also categories: Portrait paintings of Isabella of Parma and Portrait paintings of Maria Josepha of Bavaria. Maria Theresa abandoned all ornamentation, had her hair cut short, painted her rooms black and dressed in mourning for the rest of her life. Joseph II, (born March 13, 1741, Vienna, Austria—died Feb. 20, 1790, Vienna), Holy Roman emperor (1765–90), at first coruler with his mother, Maria Theresa (1765–80), and then sole ruler (1780–90) of the Austrian Habsburg dominions. His inability to make decisions necessarily limited his ambition. Soon after Napoleon created the Confederation of the Rhine, Francis abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor. She completely … Find the perfect Joseph Ii, Holy Roman Emperor stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. The reorganization of the army secured Joseph’s position in Europe. He was King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia. Frederick protested, and his troops marched into Bohemia. Wikipedia He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, … Then, he married Claudia Felicitas of Aust… By 1790, Joseph faced numerous problems in his empire, including a loss of control in the Austrian Netherlands. Catherine II, or Catherine the Great, served as empress of Russia for more than three decades in the late 18th century after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. On March 13, 1741, in Vienna, Austria, Habsburg heir Joseph (baptized as Joseph Benedict Augustus Johann Anton Michael Adam) was born. Life dates 1741/2-1790. In Hungary topographical surveys and the replacing of Latin by German as the official legal language drove the Hungarian gentry into opposition, and in the Austrian Netherlands immigrants who had fled from Holland opened hostilities against the occupation forces, and finally the country declared its independence. Holy Roman Emperor. He is a central figure in Christianity and is emulated as the incarnation of God by many Christians all over the world. Kaiser Wilhelm served as emperor of Germany from 1888 until the end of World War I. Jesus is a religious leader whose life and teachings are recorded in the Bible’s New Testament. Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor (41) Antonio Salieri (33) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (16) Maria Anna "Nannerl" Mozart (7) Constanze Weber Mozart (7) Lorenzo Da Ponte (6) Marie Antoinette (5) Count Rosenberg (Mozart l'Opéra Rock) (4) Maria Theresia von Österreich | Maria Theresa of Austria (1767-1827) (4) Although the first son and child born of his parents' marriage, he was his father's third son and seventh child. Future Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II became co-regent with his mother, Maria Theresa, in 1765, and sole ruler in 1780. In foreign matters, Joseph's attempt to exchange part of the Austrian Netherlands for Bavaria was undermined by Frederick II of Prussia. After her death in 1780, Joseph tried to finish her work of reform. Updates? Joseph’s first marriage in 1760 to the Bourbon princess Isabella of Parma, whom he loved passionately, ended in tragedy when she died of smallpox three years later. Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor has been listed as a level-4 vital article in People. Scopri le migliori foto stock e immagini editoriali di attualità di Joseph Ii, Holy Roman Emperor su Getty Images. Media in category "Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor". Joseph’s conflict with the Roman Catholic Church, however, posed more difficult problems. Following the death of his father, he served as a co-ruler with his mother, gaining sole reign only in 1780. Even peasants were often more concerned with the taxes that the empire demanded than with their new freedoms. 1 … Kaiser Josefs 2. unvergessliche Gedanken, Aussprüche und Bestrebungen in seinen eigenen Worten. The following 33 files are in this category, out of 33 total. However, his support for ideals like religious tolerance led to lasting changes in Europe, and he paved the way for the complete abolition of feudalism in 1848. Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to his death. Joseph II. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. By transferring the management of the theatres to the actors, Joseph introduced an artistically fruitful concept. Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 … 13, 1741; d. there, Feb. 20, 1790. The Wittelsbach dynasty had been extinguished in Bavaria, and the heir, the count palatine Charles Joseph, was in favour of moving from Munich to Brussels. Omissions? When a civil war occurred in Poland under King Stanisław II Poniatowski, the lover of Catherine II the Great of Russia who was completely dependent on Russia, Joseph met with Poland’s third neighbour, King Frederick the Great of Prussia, to plan the partition of Poland, with each neighbour taking a part of the country and the remaining part to be given a last chance at independence. https://courses.lumenlearning.com/.../joseph-ii-and-domestic-reform Reigned 1765 to 1790; b. Vienna, Mar. The threat of war ended without a battle being fought, for in 1785 Frederick had formed the Fürstenbund (Princes’ League) against Joseph to prevent the exchange. Druckjahr: 1883. Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. In 1786 the Universal Code of Civil Law was issued. Biography Reigned jointly with his … 222 relations. Select from premium Joseph Ii Holy Roman Emperor of the highest quality. The banquets given in his honour in Paris could not conceal the truth from him: France was headed for catastrophe. When Maria Theresa appointed him to the Council of State, he exhibited unusual intelligence and an intense interest in politics. Deeply disappointed, Joseph now saw his only hope in Catherine. Born in Vienna, he was educated strictly by Prince Dietrich Otto von Salm and became a good linguist. To counter Prussia's strength, Joseph forged an alliance with Catherine II of Russia, which brought the empire into a conflict in Turkey. In 1312, Henry VII of the House of Luxembourg was crowned as the first Holy Roman Emperor since Frederick II. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Josep… Leopold II (Peter Leopold Joseph Anton Joachim Pius Gotthard; 5 May 1747 – 1 March 1792) was Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Bohemia, and Archduke of Austria from 1790 to 1792, and Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1765 to 1790. Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. When Maria Theresa died in 1780, Joseph became the absolute ruler of the Habsburg domains and enacted many reforms that his mother had refused to consider. He ordered the abolition of serfdom; by the Edict of Toleration he established religious equality before the law, and he granted freedom of the press. The judiciary and the executive had already been separated at the top; Joseph extended this process to the lower administrative levels. In foreign policy, Joseph had obtained some success even as co-regent with his mother. The educational system had been consolidated throughout the monarchy. Scegli tra immagini premium su Joseph Ii, Holy Roman Emperor … Although Joseph felt he had been a failure, history would show he did make a difference. At the climax of the crisis, Pope Pius VI visited the Emperor in Vienna, but the visit changed nothing; nor did a later journey by Joseph to Rome. Future Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II became co-regent with his mother, Maria Theresa, in 1765, and sole ruler in 1780. Joseph also encountered difficulties outside his empire. The artistic life of Vienna rose to new heights when the Burgtheater became the German National Theater. Page391 Friedrich des Grossen und Kaiser Joseph II. by Joseph II Holy Roman Emperor. Although Joseph was co-regent, Maria Theresa maintained control of the empire. With his father's death, Joseph also became his mother's co-regent, and took over the handling of the army and foreign affairs. You consider self … As the eldest son of Emperor Francis I and maria theresa, he was carefully educated. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. His father, Francis I, held the title of Holy Roman emperor. As the firstborn son, Joseph spent his childhood knowing he would grow up to take the reins of power. In 1765, after his father died, Joseph became Joseph II, Holy Roman emperor. Holy Roman emperor. https://www.biography.com/political-figure/joseph-ii. The title "King of the Romans", used in the Holy Roman Empire, was, from the coronation of Henry II, considered equivalent to King of Germany. Joseph II, (born March 13, 1741 in Vienna, Austria – died February 20, 1790 in Vienna), Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1765–1790), first coruler with his mother, Maria Theresa (1765–80 ), then sole ruler (1780–90) of the Austrian Habsburg dominions.“Enlightened despot,” he sought to introduce … Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II - 1765-1790 Joseph II (Joseph Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790 and ruler of the Habsburg lands from 1780 to 1790. The emancipation of the Jews within a short time endowed cultural life with new vitality. This stretched the empire's resources and also opened the door for more unrest. If you can improve it, please do . Joseph ii Holy Roman Emperor. On February 20, 1790, when he was 48 years old, Joseph passed away in Vienna. The monarchy’s finances were balanced. Joseph had been married twice, but had lost both wives to smallpox, and had no living children. At an early age he showed keen intelligence but also a changeable, imprudent character, lack of sympathy, and a pronounced tactlessness, especially with inferiors. Joseph died believing that his reforms had weakened his empire instead of strengthening it. In a weakened state after being ill for years, Joseph made the painful decision to undo his reforms in Hungary in order to maintain the empire's power there. Joseph died in Vienna on February 20, 1790, at the age of 48. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. For the University of Vienna, no longer under the influence of the church, Joseph tried to find the best scholars and scientists. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login).

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