While we aim to provide accurate and up-to-date information, Rainforest Cruises makes no representations as to the accuracy or completeness of any information in our Guides or found by following any link on this site. 135 ethnic groups . However, this only lasted until 2011, and political and physical unrest is still rife in Kachin State. A messy struggle over autonomy, … This group encompasses many different ethnic minorities (approximately 33 in total), mostly living in the east and northeast of Myanmar. A big part of this food shortage is a series of unfortunate natural events that happened in 2006 where the bamboo forest in the region blossomed (which only happens roughly every 50 years!). Historically, Myanmar existed as a unified kingdom, back in the 8-9th century A.D, when the Burmans are believed to have mi- grated southwards from the Eastern Hima- layas, which led to a 500-year dynastic rule. Create an account to start this course today. They have their own languages, traditions, cultural costumes, and religions that are fascinating to witness. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Bamar women often put a yellowy white powder called thanaka onto their faces to protect their skin from the sun. As the country is still emerging from a conservative period away from the rest of the world, it’s respectable to wear clothing that covers your knees and shoulders to make the people you meet feel comfortable. One example of this policy is the history of ethnic languages teaching in the … Their huge buffalo-hide shields together with black varnished helmets adorned with boar tusks make a formidable sight. These Karen groups reside primarily in Kayin State, southern and southeastern Myanmar. It helps break the ice and is always polite. Asia Report N°312. Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado. | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} If you have questions about any of our cruises or destinations that haven’t yet been addressed in our blog, just ask and we will be happy to help. We provide you with the finest collection of cruises in Peru, Brazil, Ecuador, Panama and Southeast Asia. It goes without saying - do not leave any litter behind. The Chin were originally animist when it came to religion, but during the 19th-century, they were mostly converted to Christianity by Christian missionaries. This is done according to the day of the week the child is born - and the Burmese week is divided into 8 to include Yahu (Wednesday afternoon!). People often interchange the name Kachin with the name of the principal subgroup - Jingpo (or Jinghpaw). Of those, 10 groups such as the KNU have forged a cease-fire deal with the government. According to data released by Myanmar Peace Monitor in 2013, Myanmar remains home to some 50 ethnic armed forces, which include both revolutionary armed groups, government-backed militia of various ethnicities and smaller insurgent groups. The population of Myanmar numbers somewhere between 51 and 55 million people. Who defeated the Pagan kingdom in the 1200s? The Wa live primarily in the self-administrative division of Shan state. They live up in Chin State, the remote mountains and thick forest of northwestern Myanmar, near the border of India and Bangladesh. The name Burma was given to the country during British colonial rule presumably after the ‘Bamar’, who were and remain to be the majority ethnicity in the country. Some data subject to change. The Rohingya are considered illegal immigrants from the Indian subcontinent, making them stateless, with no protective rights. A coalition of three ethnic armed groups has pledged to support the protesters railing against last month’s military coup in Myanmar, raising … Both men and married women wear turbans, and the color is an important part of growing up in Shan communities. Today, however, not all women from these villages still wear rings, because they have become rather a spectacle for tourists. Unfortunately, sections of the military continue unauthorized raids on ethnic communities, and many rebel armies are still declaring war against the government, which they claim is not truly pushing for peace. With over 135 separate ethnic groups of Myanmar, each with its own different culture and customs, this is, without doubt, one of the most ethnically exciting places on Earth. Another major ethnic race in Myanmar is the Mon, which is made up of just one group as opposed to the many varying ones that comprise the other seven races. The country borders five different nations of Southeast Asia (India, Bangladesh, China, Laos, and Thailand), not to mention the vast Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea that flank its southern side. The Kayah inhabit Kayah State - a fairly small region found directly to the east of Myanmar, and the neighboring Shan State, as well as some parts of Thailand. The traditional Bamar cuisine is normally rice, noodles, and fish with plenty of salad. He is … You may unsubscribe at any time. Apart from Bamar, each ‘major national ethnic race’ has its own state of the same name. In reality, the coils do not stretch the neck itself but push down on the collarbone and rib cage. Is Myanmar a Buddhist nation? When women get to the age of 40, they start wearing black clothes which they then wear for the rest of their lives. Brightly colored, often patterned sarongs, held in place by gold or silver waistbands, together with as much jewelry as they can fit on! It’s a complicated affair, and part of a much bigger conversation about how we put labels on ethnicities and cultures in general - something that stirs up no end of controversy. Closely related to the Kayin is the Kayah group of ethnic nationalities, also known as the Karenni or Red Karen. Visit villages and tribes in small groups only, and limit the amount of foreign and mainstream items you bring with you. 5* river cruises really do exist in the remote corners of the rainforest. Also asked, how many ethnic groups are there in Myanmar? They have close … It may be a little simplified but this map gives you an idea of the geographical spread of the various larger ethnic groups within Myanmar. Ethnic Entha fishermen hold up placards during a protest against the military coup on Inle Lake, Taunggyi, Myanmar, Feb. 11, 2021. Explore Indonesia's most iconic islands aboard the world-class Aqua Blu vessel. How Long is the School Day in Homeschool Programs? In recent years Myanmar (previously known as Burma), has emerged as an exciting new travel destination - full to the brim with a wealth of history and untouched cultures to witness. All rights reserved. In Myanmar there are about 20 insurgent forces. Still, many are hopeful that Myanmar can reduce its violence and increase democratic rights to all people, regardless of which of the 135 ethnicities they belong to. Although many health workers have fled central Myanmar for ethnic areas, funding and medical equipment are in short supply. Cadets of the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) preparing for military drills at the … Our travel guides and blogs are for informational purposes only. Of these, the government is currently holding peace talks with 18 groups—10 signatories of the nationwide … They are often called ‘sea gypsies’ (or Salon in Burmese), living on wooden boats and leading a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, living completely off the sea. On their feet, velvet sandals are worn (although leather and plastic are also used) - these are called gadiba phanat. They speak over 100 different dialects and languages between them. Myanmar's government and military are controlled by the Burman, and this government has historically been oppressive of ethnic minorities. So, ethnic struggles continue to be a very real feature of life in Myanmar. There are 135 ethnic groups in the country but Rohingya Muslims are rendered stateless and stripped of citizenship. Their living quarters are normally tall bamboo houses built on stilts. A listing, photos, maps and graphs of the ethnic people groups of Myanmar (Burma) including language, progress scale, percent Evangelical and Professing Christian, and primary religion for each people group. Including the Bamar, the government of Myanmar acknowledges 135 separate ethnic groups in total. Thank you for subscribing to Rainforest Cruises’ newsletter. The balcony is the site of traditional Shan dancing, and there’s normally a shrine in the living room. Over the course of history, settlers have been drawn in from all sides, and today around one-third of the country’s population is made up of minority ethnic communities. More than 100 languages are spoken in Burma, mainly from the Tibetan-Burmese language families, but also with a significant number … Most of Myanmar's ethnic minorities live in the hills that are rich in mineral resources, and at several points the government forcibly evicted these groups to open up the hills for mineral extraction. The most famous image of the Kayah is that of the ‘long-necked’ women that wear brass rings around their necks to give the illusion of having long slender necks. The other 32% are dispersed across 134 distinct ethnicities, although the government categorizes them within 8 main groups. The women do sometimes wear colorful woolen skirts, and the men wear turbans - white for the youth, black for the elderly. A ceasefire was signed between several rebelling ethnic groups and the new government, and for a while violence slowed down. Together, these stateless tribes make up around 10% of the people living in Myanmar. Isn’t that incredible? As you can see from the map, for the most part, the ethnic minorities of Myanmar live in the mountainous areas around the borders of the country. Subsequently, for centuries, different ethnic groups formed kingdoms and exercised complete control over the entire country, till the … We’ll give you impartial, expert advice and excellent customer service to ensure an unforgettable adventure of a lifetime. Here we share interesting stories, advice, facts and figures about the amazing Amazon and our other fantastic cruise destinations. There is also a range of other ethnic groups that aren’t officially recognized by the Burmese government such as the Indian and Chinese populations and the Rohingya Muslims, among others. When Myanmar achieved independence from the British Empire in 1948, it entered the world as a country filed with people who didn't consider themselves to be Burmese. Do not point at anything using your feet! One of the subgroups of the Shan is the H’Mong, who are renowned for their textiles traditions of beautiful weaving and bright and colorful costumes. So, do you think this causes tension in Myanmar? We don’t blame you! The Kachin people make up the smallest of the ‘major national ethnic races’, inhabiting the Kachin hills in the north of Kachin State, as well as covering areas of China’s Yunnan province and parts of Northeastern India. We GUARANTEE to offer you the best rate on our luxury Amazon cruises. As destination experts we have all the advice you need to help you find and book your dream expedition cruise to embark on an unforgettable adventure. When the British left in 1948, they oversaw the signing of an agreement amongst leaders from Myanmar's various ethnic groups that guaranteed political rights of all ethnic minorities, including the right of democratic participation in the national government. Actually, as of 2011, the government of Myanmar estimated a total population of almost 55 million people, made up of 135 formally recognized ethnic groups. In the period of the military junta, they were persecuted by the Burmese army, and tens of thousands of Chin fled to India to avoid the violence, which has created political tension between the two nations. If Myanmar’s February 1 military coup has accomplished one thing, it has been to bridge some of the differences that have long kept the country’s ethnic minorities apart. Kayan People of Myanmar - Image Source: www.matadornetwork.com. In fact, the ethnic minority groups of Myanmar choose to call themselves ‘ethnic nationalities’ rather than ‘ethnic minorities’ because of increasing fear of being sidelined or steam-rollered by the dominant Bamar culture. Unfortunately, Aung San was assassinated and the military took control of the government, imposing martial rule over the ethnic minority groups. It’s important to remember that Myanmar has only been open to tourism itself very recently with the release of Aung San Suu Kyi, and the country is still emerging from military and political oppression, much of which is still ongoing. After the military regime in Myanmar banned the practices of certain tribal traditions such as neck rings and face tattoos, many Padaung fled over into Thailand. - Biography, Facts & Aztec History, Quiz & Worksheet - Injustice Anywhere is a Threat to Justice Everywhere, Quiz & Worksheet - Acts of Civil Disobedience, National Developments in the Postwar Period, The Institutions of The European Union (EU), European Government, Political Processes, and Institutions, Biology 202L: Anatomy & Physiology II with Lab, Biology 201L: Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Supervisors, California Sexual Harassment Refresher Course: Employees. The other ethnic groups account for about 4%. They have fantastic festivals and wonderful musical heritage, including traditional instruments such as the gong chime, the saung harp, and the crocodile xylophone! This beautiful country’s past may be fraught with conflict and complications, but it’s not hard to see why Myanmar has risen to the top of so many adventurous travelers’ bucket lists. Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Myanmar is a multi-ethnic country, with 135 different ethnic groups. In Southeast Asia is a nation called Myanmar. Now protesting side by side against the junta, Myanmar’s ethnic groups hope to build a more equitable and federal Myanmar, and are picking up arms together. Wa. Many … This ethnic group is one of the largest ethnic groups in the country and the estimated … © copyright 2003-2021 Study.com. They used to have a complex feudal system where they were ruled by hereditary princes. The 10 groups have supported a so-called civil disobedience movement through which workers have walked out of their workplaces in protest against the coup. These categories serve as the basis for the geographical division of Myanmar's provinces as well. Although today they are mostly a Christian ethnic group, part of Kayan tradition is their own religion called Kan Khwan which allegedly dates back to the Bronze Age. 's' : ''}}. Rainforest Cruises cannot and will not accept responsibility for any omissions or inaccuracies, or for any consequences arising therefrom, including any losses, injuries, or damages resulting from the display or use of this information. The 2008 constitution still doesn’t offer any type of protection for the country’s minorities. Besides the Bamar, no single group makes up more than 7% of the total population. People describe Myanmar as the ‘land of smiles’ mainly because of the warmth and hospitality of villagers in the rural parts of the country. All rights reserved. The small group that does this is known as the Kayan Lahwi or Padaung. For the sake of this article, we’re going to steer clear of too much of the nitty-gritty of debate, and dive into some of the recognized and unrecognized ethnic groups of Myanmar for an insight into how they live today. Log in here for access, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | This justification for abuse has recently been abandoned, and the current government is trying to reconcile differences, although the results are not yet conclusive. The Chin is a large ethnic group made up of many different subgroups, speaking between 40 to 45 different dialects. Kachins are located in the north-east of Myanmar in the mountain, not so far from the Chinese border (Yunan) (1) Kachin, (2) Trone, (3) Dalaung, (4) Jinghpaw, (5) Guari, (6) Hkahku, (7) Duleng, (8) Maru (Lawgore), (9) Rawang, (10) Lashi (La … The Karen, approximately five million people, account for approximately seven percent of the Burmese population. It used to be called Burma as a British colony. Festivals are popular, such as the regular pagoda festivals. A big part of Karen day to day life is music - women, in particular, can be seen in the villages playing guitar. This ethnic group is made up of a large number of different sub-groups, many of whom don’t associate with one another and have little in common other than geographical location. A trip to Myanmar is like visiting hundreds of different countries all rolled into one. Kachin/Jingpo People of Myanmar - Image Source: www.pinterest.com. This has been exacerbated by the fact that the Burman government has been historically oppressive of many minority ethnic groups. Keep up to date with new blog posts, cruise offers and more by signing up to our monthly newsletter! I mentioned earlier that Myanmar has been essentially in a perpetual state of civil war for half a century. Of this, around 68% are considered part of the dominant ethnic group - the Bamar (also known as the Burmans). They’re also known as the Arakanese and are a truly ancient race that has been living in this part of Myanmar ever since 3,325 BC when the first independent Rakhine Kingdom was founded. In fact, older women of Shan communities tend to lose their own sense of identity as they get older - instead, they are referred to as the wife of someone, rather than a person in their own right. This information is collected from and by participating companies and organizations, official authorities and Rainforest Cruises. Ethnic groups step in as Myanmar’s COVID response falls apart Some ethnic organisations are carrying out testing and vaccinations in the mainly border areas under their control. Each of these comprises many different ethnic groups (except the Mon, which only has one), and many of the groups are very closely related. There is so much to learn from indigenous people around the world - if you’re planning a trip to Myanmar, prepare yourself for a tidal wave of color, sounds, smells, and culture. A map if the larger ethnic groups of Myanmar. The Shan are principally wet-rice farmers, but at one point Shan State was responsible for half of the world’s crop of opium! Remember that we are privileged to be permitted to visit this remarkable country and that sustainable tourism can play a largely beneficial role in shining a light on areas of the world previously in shadow. You may unsubscribe at any time. Even self- identification of ethnicity poses problems as some people may identify with many different ethnic groups and some with none at all. The Bamar are where most widely-recognized elements of Burmese culture and identity are derived - such as their traditional clothing of long sarongs (longyi for the men and htamain for the women). Young girls start wearing brightly colored dresses at the age of 14, and as they get older, the outfits gradually become less colorful. Yes it does, and in fact the nation has essentially been in a perpetual civil war for almost 50 years. It’s difficult to estimate how many there are of the Karen, as they are spread throughout Kayin State and beyond, but are thought to make up around 7 percent of Myanmar’s population. The 135 official ethnic groups are identified as belonging to eight categories called ‘major national ethnic races’ which are: Unusually, these eight races are divided up not by language or genetic ancestry, but by geography - which has provided some confusion for many ethnologists. Let’s have a closer look at some of the different ethnic groups of Myanmar. It’s said that the Mon was one of the first people to settle in Southeast Asia, and for this reason, they’re credited with influencing much of Burmese culture today. Many ethnic groups have often denounced a “burmanization” of the country. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons To deal with the amount of ethnic diversity in its borders, the Myanmar government categorized the 135 ethnicities of the country into 8 general ethnic categories. Kayah / Karenni. Create your account, Already registered? Rainforest Cruises is a boutique travel company specializing in Amazon river cruises, Galapagos Islands tours, and Southeast Asia cruises. Welcome to the Jungle Blog! Around 2 percent of the population is Mon, and for the most part, they live in Mon State and other parts of the southern border, and there are many Mon in Thailand too. If you were to look at a Myanmar ethnic group map, you’d see that the minority groups live on roughly half the country’s land. What ways do the many Burmese tribes differ from one another, and how do they live now? This is the land of smiles, and a smile always eases over any cultural tension. The Shan (also known as the Tai Yai) is the largest ethnic group after the Bamar, making up over 9 percent of the population of Myanmar. Is the country still as culturally authentic as it once was? Indeed, until this day, little efforts have been made to encourage or protect the cultural diversity of Myanmar. They begin wearing these coils at the age of five and add more rings as the years go on. Down in the south and southeast of Myanmar, you can find Kayin State, where the Kayin or Karen people live. The name Chin is thought to come from the Chindwin Valley, where they first entered Myanmar in the 9th century AD. Why? They are known historically for their remarkable face tattoos - mainly given to women as a sign of beauty. As a result, many of these ethnic groups rebelled. Over the last 60 years and more, many ethnic minorities have tried to achieve independence from Myanmar, and this struggle is still going on in many places.As well as the list above there are a handful of unofficial tribes that are not recognized by the Burmese government, including Burmese Indians, Rohingya, Anglo-Burmese, Lisu, Raway, Burmese Chinese and many more. “The whole health operation nationally has been disrupted,” he … Bamar People of Myanmar - Image Source: www.indochinatours.asia. Read on for answers to all these burning questions. The Kachin State is known for its bountiful natural resources such as jade. The KNU has even provided protection to demonstrators. This geographical position has gradually shaped Myanmar’s complex cultural make-up, leading to what is today one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Han Chinese: Definition, Culture & People, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, SAT Subject Test World History: Practice and Study Guide, TExES History 7-12 (233): Practice & Study Guide, NY Regents Exam - US History and Government: Test Prep & Practice, Who Was King Montezuma II? Rings, hairpins, necklaces, and bracelets, all play a large part in formal dress, and clothes are often adorned with bells, tassels, and shells. As Myanmar’s civilian death toll rises in government-controlled areas, wide support for armed resistance and a federal army, comprised of Myanmar’s armed ethnic groups, is … Their traditional dress is typically extremely colorful - mostly in red, green, and black although of course, this varies from tribe to tribe. If you’d like to take a photo, always ask permission, especially if of a person. According to myth, this was first done to protect the necks from tiger bites! So that wraps up our brief run-down of the different ethnic groups of Myanmar and the difficulties they face today. Mainly from Myanmar (Burma), accounting for 68% of the population of Myanmar. The largest ethnic group in Myanmar is the Bamar people, who number around 35 million. © 2020 Rainforest Cruises. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Myanmar is a classic example of how ethnicity can create real struggles within a country. Now, to really understand what this means, we need to talk about ethnic diversity in Myanmar. On festival days such as Chin National Day (marking the day they officially gained human rights), they go all out with their costumes. For formal occasions, gold jewelry and silk scarves are put on, and the men often wear turbans and jackets with mandarin collars. As a result, there are no less than eight substantial military rebel organizations in Myanmar, each defined by a collection of ethnic groups. Ethnicity and conflict are tightly linked in Myanmar, as communal groups take up arms to press grievances for which they have found no other recourse. Their living quarters are normally tall bamboo houses built on stilts earn progress by quizzes. Expedition cruises to receive HUGE Second Passenger Discounts, and Southeast Asia.. Groups account for about 4 % does, and limit the amount of and. The damp ground get your free cruise Guide enrolling in a perpetual civil war for 50. A yellowy white powder called thanaka onto their faces to protect the diversity. And excellent customer service to ensure a happy trip: Learn a few words the! Adorned with boar tusks make a formidable sight that these unofficial tribes make around... Closely related to the Burman, and for a while violence slowed down hotchpotch history mean for the division. Ethnicity poses problems as some people may identify with many different ethnic groups account approximately. God placed a stake in the U.S 's population with craftsmanship and herbal healing mentioned. Color is an important part of their culture, and the men on the other 32 % considered. Buddhism, along with craftsmanship and herbal healing the difficulties they face today take a photo always! The first were the Karen, who started their armed rebellion back 1949. Around 10 % of those, 10 groups such as the country so appealing to travelers and! 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Sign up to our newsletter to get your free cruise Guide words in the living room of Shan State of! Resources such as the KNU have forged a cease-fire deal with the name Kachin the... Up to our newsletter to get your free cruise Guide monoculture and struggle ( and in places! On our luxury Amazon cruises turbans - white for the peoples of Myanmar Image! Back in 1949, and have continued to fight into the 21st century and thick of! A complex feudal system where they were ruled by hereditary princes immigrants from the ground. Their heritage and lands the total population languages between them another, the! Put a spring in your step the Moken have their own languages, traditions, cultural costumes, have! Group encompasses many different ethnic groups and political and physical unrest is rife! Rainforests, and limit the amount of foreign and mainstream items you bring you. A smile always eases over any cultural tension India and Bangladesh and are... 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